RTE ACT

✅आरटीई एक्ट
"हक बनता है''
✅अधिनियम से जुड़े मुख्य बिंदु :
➡️शिक्षा का अधिकार अधिनियम। इसे आरटीई एक्ट 2009 के नाम से भी जाना जाता है।
➡️भारतीय संसद द्वारा 26 अगस्त 2009 को स्वीकृत किया गया।
➡️1अप्रैल 2010 को लागू हुआ।
➡️यह अधिनियम लागू होते ही भारत उन देशों में शामिल हो गया जिन्होंने प्राथमिक शिक्षा को प्रत्येक बच्चे का मौलिक अधिकार बनाया है।
➡️शिक्षा के अधिकार पर प्रथम आधिकारिक दस्तावेज राममूर्ति समिति रिपोर्ट थी जो सन 1990 में रखी गई थी। 
➡️1993 में सुप्रीम कोर्ट ने उन्नीकृष्णन जे पी बनाम आंध्र प्रदेश राज्य व अन्य के मामले में फैसला दिया था कि अनुच्छेद 21ए से शिक्षा एक मौलिक अधिकार हैं। 
➡️तापस मजूमदार समिति 1999 में अनुच्छेद 21ए को शामिल किया गया। 
➡️2002 में भारत के संविधान में 86 वें संशोधन ने शिक्षा को संविधान के भाग lll में मौलिक अधिकार का रूप दिया।
✅आरटीई एक्ट क्या है :
➡️अधिनियम के तहत अनुच्छेद 21ए, छः से चौदह वर्ष आयु के भारतीय बच्चों को प्राथमिक शिक्षा निःशुल्क व अनिवार्य रूप से प्राप्त करने का मौलिक अधिकार प्रदान करता है। 
✅आरटीई एक्ट के तहत प्रमुख दिशा निर्देश :
➡️आरटीई एक्ट केंद्र तथा सभी राज्य सरकारों को निर्दिष्ट करता है कि देश के प्रत्येक बच्चे की गुणवत्तापूर्ण प्राथमिक शिक्षा का वहन उनकी जिम्मेदारी होगी। 
➡️इस एक्ट में प्रशिक्षित शिक्षकों की नियुक्ति व गैर शैक्षणिक कार्यों जैसे स्थानीय जनगणना, आपदा राहत, राज्य प्राधिकरण तथा संसदीय चुनावों में उनकी तैनाती का प्रावधान शामिल है। 
➡️यह एक्ट पुपिल शिक्षक अनुपात (पीटीआर), भवनों और बुनियादी ढांचे, स्कूल-कार्य दिवसों, शिक्षक-कार्य के समय निर्धारण के लिए संबंधित मानदंड प्रदान करता है।
➡️प्रत्येक स्कूल के लिए राज्य, जिला या ब्लॉक के लिए एक औसत के बजाय निर्दिष्ट छात्र-शिक्षक अनुपात बनाए रखना और यह सुनिश्चित करना कि शिक्षकों की पोस्टिंग में कोई शहरी-ग्रामीण असंतुलन न हो।  
➡️अधिनियम में समाज के वंचित वर्गों के लिए 25% आरक्षण को अनिवार्य किया गया है। 
➡️वचित समूहों में शामिल हैं:
     •  एससी और एसटी
     •  सामाजिक रूप से पिछड़ा वर्ग
     •  निःशक्तजन तथा 
     •  आर्थिक रूप से कमजोर सामान्य वर्ग के बच्चे 
➡️यह अधिनियम बच्चों के प्रति लिंग, जाति, वर्ग एवं धर्म के आधार पर भेदभाव, शारीरिक दंड व मानसिक उत्पीड़न पर प्रतिबंध लगाता है।
➡️सीखने के परिणामों में सुधार हेतु अधिनियम में सतत् व्यापक मूल्यांकन (सीसीई) प्रणाली का समावेश है जो ग्रेड लर्निंग को सुनिश्चित करता हैं। साथ ही कक्षा आठ तक किसी भी बच्चे को अनुत्तीर्ण नहीं करने का निर्देश देता हैं।

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