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Mauryan Administration

Central Government Mauryan administration was highly centralized. The Emperor was the supreme power and source of all authority. He was assisted by a Council of Ministers. It was called ‘Mantriparishad’. The ministers were called ‘Mantris.’ The council was headed by ‘mantriparishad-adhyakshya’ akin to the Prime Minister of today. Tirthas: the Highest category of officials in the administration. There were 18 Tirthas. Adhyakshya: Ranked next only to Tirthas. There were 20 Adhyakshyas. They had economic and military functions. Mahamattas: Higher ranking officials. Amatyas: High ranking officials almost like present-day secretaries. They had administrative and judicial roles. The Adhyakshyas were formed into a secretariat, which was divided into many departments. Arthashastra mentions many Adhyakshyas for commerce, storehouses, gold, ships, agriculture, cows, horses, city, chariots, mint, infantry, etc. Yuktas: Subordinate officers responsible for the Empire’s revenue. Rajjukas: Officers

ᴀᴄᴛᴜᴀʟ ғᴜʟʟ ғᴏʀᴍ

*Interesting* ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ *💚 ᴅᴏ ᴡᴇ ᴋɴᴏᴡ ᴀᴄᴛᴜᴀʟ ғᴜʟʟ ғᴏʀᴍ ᴏғ sᴏᴍᴇ ᴡᴏʀᴅs ? 💚* ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ *💛 ᴏᴋ 💛* ᴏᴛᴛᴏ  ᴋʀᴏᴠᴇɴs *💛 ɴᴇᴡs ᴘᴀᴘᴇʀ 💛* ɴᴏʀᴛʜ ᴇᴀsᴛ ᴡᴇsᴛ sᴏᴜᴛʜ ᴘᴀsᴛ ᴀɴᴅ ᴘʀᴇsᴇɴᴛ ᴇᴠᴇɴᴛs ʀᴇᴘᴏʀᴛ *💛 ᴄʜᴇss 💛* ᴄᴀᴍᴇʟ, ʜᴏʀsᴇ, ᴇʟᴇᴘʜᴀɴᴛ, sᴏʟᴅɪᴇʀs *💛 ᴄᴏʟᴅ 💛*  ᴄʜʀᴏɴɪᴄ ᴏʙsᴛʀᴜᴄᴛɪᴠᴇ ʟᴜɴɢ ᴅɪsᴇᴀsᴇ *💛 ᴊᴏᴋᴇ 💛* ᴊᴏʏ ᴏғ ᴋɪᴅs ᴇɴᴛᴇʀᴛᴀɪɴᴍᴇɴᴛ *💛 ᴀɪᴍ 💛* ᴀᴍʙɪᴛɪᴏɴ ɪɴ ᴍɪɴᴅ *💛 ᴅᴀᴛᴇ 💛* ᴅᴀʏ ᴀɴᴅ ᴛɪᴍᴇ ᴇᴠᴏʟᴜᴛɪᴏɴ *💛 ᴇᴀᴛ 💛* ᴇɴᴇʀɢʏ ᴀɴᴅ ᴛᴀsᴛᴇ *💛 ᴛᴇᴀ 💛* ᴛᴀsᴛᴇ ᴀɴᴅ ᴇɴᴇʀɢʏ ᴀᴅᴍɪᴛᴛᴇᴅ *💛 ᴘᴇɴ 💛* ᴘᴏᴡᴇʀ ᴇɴʀɪᴄʜᴇᴅ ɪɴ ɴɪʙ *💛 sᴍɪʟᴇ 💛* sᴡᴇᴇᴛ ᴍᴇᴍᴏʀɪᴇs ɪɴ ʟɪᴘs ᴇxᴘʀᴇssɪᴏɴ *💛 sɪᴍ 💛* sᴜʙsᴄʀɪʙᴇʀ ɪᴅᴇɴᴛɪᴛʏ ᴍᴏᴅᴜʟᴇ *💛 ᴇᴛᴄ 💛* ᴇɴᴅ ᴏғ ᴛʜɪɴᴋɪɴɢ ᴄᴀᴘᴀᴄɪᴛʏ *💛 ᴏʀ 💛* ᴏʀʟ ᴋᴏʀᴇᴄ (ɢʀᴇᴇᴋ ᴡᴏʀᴅ) *💛 ʙʏᴇ 💛* ʙᴇ ᴡɪᴛʜ ʏᴏᴜ ᴇᴠᴇʀʏᴛɪᴍᴇ. *💚 sʜᴀʀᴇ ᴛʜᴇsᴇ ᴍᴇᴀɴɪɴɢs ᴀs ᴍᴀᴊᴏʀɪᴛʏ ᴏғ ᴜs ᴅᴏɴ'ᴛ ᴋɴᴏᴡ 💚*

Important Latest Ranking and INDEX 2021

🔰 Most Important Latest Ranking and INDEX 2021🔰  🔰 Sustainable Development Report 2021 (6th Edition)  ⚫️ Top : Finland  ⚫️ India : 120th  ✅ Ease of Living Index 2020  ⚫️ 1st : Bengaluru   ⚫️ 2nd Chennai,   ⚫️ 3rd : Shimla  ⚫️ 4th : Bhubaneshwar,  ⚫️ 5th : Mumbai,  ✅ IMD’s World Competitiveness Index 2021 ( 33rd edition of the index.)  ⚫️ Top : Switzerland  ⚫️ India : 43rd ✅ Global Peace Index 2021 (15th   Edition)  ⚫️ Top : Iceland,  ⚫️ Botton : Afghanistan  ⚫️ India : 135  ✅ World Giving Index 2021  ⚫️ Top : Indonesia  ⚫️ INDIA : 14  ✅ Bitcoin Investment Gain in 2020  ⚫️ TOP : US  ⚫️ INDIA : 18  ⚫️ Bottom : Thailand  ✅ Global Liveability Index 2021  ⚫️ TOP : Auckland, New Zealand  ⚫️ 2nd : Osaka, Japan  ⚫️ 3rd : Adelaide, Australia  ✅ Global House Price Index for Q1 2021  ⚫️ TOP : Turkey  ⚫️ INDIA : 55  ⚫️ Released By : Knight Frank  ✅ Global Skills Report 2021  ⚫️ TOP : Switzerland  ⚫️ INDIA : 67  ⚫️ Released By : Coursera  ✅ 57th EY Renewable Energy Country Attractiveness Index (

International Olympic Day

❇️ 23 JUNE ⚜️International Olympic Day 🚴‍♂️First Olympic Day was celebrated on 23 June 1948 in London 🚴‍♀️The founder of the modern Olympic games, Pierre de Coubertin 🚴‍♀️Olympic Rings  🔵 Europe 🟡Asia ⚫️Africa 🟢 Australia. 🔴 America 💎VENUES💎 💎 Summer Olympic 2021- Tokyo Japan  2024 - Paris France  2028 - Los Angeles USA  💎 Winter Olympic 2022 - Beijing China  2026 - Milan & Cortina Italy 🟢OLYMPICS NEWS 🔶Weightlifter Laurel Hubbard will be first trans athlete to compete at Olympics 🔹Bhavani Devi : 1st Indian Fencer to qualify for an Olympics 🔹Netra Kumanan: 1st Indian Women Sailor to qualify for an Olympics 🔷Ashok Kumar, the only Indian referee to officiate in wrestling in Tokyo Olympics 🔷Seiko Hashimoto : President of the Tokyo 2020 Organising Committee of the Olympic and Paralympic Games 🔹International Olympic Committee's 'Believe in Sport' campaign BA : P.V. Sindhu and Michelle Li (Canada) 💐International Olympic Committee (IOC) : Lausanne, Switzerla

Asian Summit

✅ ASEAN SUMMIT    ◾️1st Summit 1976 : Bali, Indonesia  ◾️37th Summit 2020 : Vietnam  ◾️38th Summit 2021 : Brunei   ✅Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) ◾️Founded : 1967  ◾️Headquarter : Jakarta, Indonesia  ◾️Secretary General : Lim Jock Hoi ✅ ASEAN Member Countries  ✍️ Trick : TV CLIP of MBBS 🔷 T= Thailand  🔷 V= Vietnam 🔷 C= Cambodia  🔷 L=Laos 🔷 I=Indonesia 🔷 P=Philippines  , of silent  🔷 M= Malaysia 🔷 B- Burma (Myanmar) 🔷B=Brunei  🔷S= Singapore 🔶 Total 10 Countries

Famous Martial Arts of India

✅ Famous Martial Arts of India ♦️Gatka - Punjab ♦️Paika - Odisha ♦️Thag Ta - Manipur ♦️Kalaripayattu - Kerala ♦️Choliya - Uttarakhand ♦️Pang Lhabsol - Sikkim ♦️Musti Yudha - Uttar Pradesh ♦️ Mardani Khel - Maharashtra ♦️ Pari Khanda - Bihar

Crematoriums (Samadhi sthals) of famous people in India

✍️ Crematoriums  (Samadhi sthals) of famous people in India: 1. Mahatma Gandhi: Raj Ghat (Royal Steps) 2. Lal Bahadur Shastri: Vijay Ghat, Delhi (Victory Platform) 3. Chaudhary Charan Singh (PM): Kisan Ghat, Delhi (Farmer’s Platform) 4. Rajiv Gandhi: Veer Bhumi, Delhi (Land of Brave) 5. Jawaharlal Nehru: Shanti Van, Delhi (Garden of Peace) 6. Indira Gandhi: Shakti Sthal, Delhi (Place of Power) 7. Sanjay Gandhi: Shanti Van, Delhi 8. Morarji Desai: Abhay Ghat, Ahmedabad 9. Dr Shankar Dayal Sharma: Karma Bhumi (Land of Duty) 10. Dr Rajendra Prasad: Mahaprayan Ghat, Patna 11. Gulzarilal Nanda: Narayan Ghat, Ahmedabad 12. KR Narayanan: Uday Bhoomi, Delhi 13. PV Narasimha Rao: PV Ghat (Buddha Poornima Park) 14. BR Ambedkar: Chaitya Bhoomi, Dadar 15. Krishna Kant (Vice-President): Nigambhoot Ghat 16. Giani Zail Singh (President): Ekta Sthal, Delhi (Place of Unity) 17. Jagjivan Ram (Deputy PM): Samta Stal (Place of Equality) 18. Devi Lal (Deputy PM): Sangharsh Stal (Place of Struggle) 19. Chan

राज् नृत्यप्रकार

📝  राज्य ➖ नृत्यप्रकार  📝 ➖ ➖➖➖➖➖➖➖➖➖➖ 1)    अरुणाचल प्रदेश - बार्दो छम 2)    आंध्र प्रदेश - कुचीपुडी, कोल्लतम 3)    आसाम - बिहू, जुमर नाच 4)    उत्तर प्रदेश - कथक, चरकुला 5)    उत्तराखंड - गढवाली 6)    उत्तरांचल - पांडव नृत्य 7)    ओरिसा - ओडिसी, छाऊ 8)    कर्नाटक - यक्षगान, हत्तारी 9)    केरळ - कथकली 10)    गुजरात - गरबा, रास 11)    गोवा - मंडो 12)    छत्तीसगढ - पंथी 13)    जम्मू आणि काश्मीर - रौफ 14)    झारखंड - कर्मा, छाऊ 15)    मणिपूर - मणिपुरी 16)    मध्य प्रदेश - कर्मा, चरकुला 17)    महाराष्ट्र - लावणी 18)    मिझोरम - खान्तुम 19)    मेघालय - लाहो 20)    तामिळनाडू - भरतनाट्यम 21)    पंजाब - भांगडा, गिद्धा(गिद्दा) 22)    पश्चिम बंगाल - गंभीरा, छाऊ 23)    बिहार – छाऊ 24)    राजस्थान – घूमर.

History division

ssc preparation, important competetion questions, current affairs of india, latest question asked in competetion papers, 1.1 The Pre – Historic Period 1.2 Indus Valley Civilization (2500 – 1800 BC) 1.3 The Vedic Period: the Aryans 1.4 The Emergence of Kingdoms or Mahajanpadas 1.5 Growth of Jainism and Buddhism 1.6 Magadha Empire (Sixth Century to Fourth Century BC) 1.7 Persian and Macedonian invasions 1.8 The Mauryan Empire (321 – 289 BC) 1.9 Post – Mauryan Period 1.10 The Gupta Dynasty (AD 320 – 550) 1.11 Rise of Feudalism in India 1.12 The Vardhanas (AD 550 – 647) 1.13 The Rajputs (AD 650 – 1200) 1.14 The Southern Dynasties PART II – MEDIEVAL HISTORY –  2.1 The Coming of Islam 2.2 The Mughal Dynasty (1526 – 1540 and 1555 – 1857) 2.3 Regional Powers during Mughal Period Part III – MODERN HISTORY –  3.1 The Coming of The Europeans 3.2 British East India Company And The British Rule 3.3 Social And Religious Movements In The Nineteenth Century 3.4 Viceroys of India 3.5 Indian Freedom Str

Chemistry Based Questions

ssc preparation, important competetion questions, current affairs of india, latest question asked in competetion papers, Question: 1 Mention the physical properties of sulphur dioxide? It is a poisonous gas with suffocating smell. It is denser than air. It is neither combustible nor supporter of combustion. It is readily soluble in water and forms acidic solution. Question: 2 Mention the uses of aluminium? It is used in making electric wires. It is used in aluminium foils for packing and wrapping food stuffs and drugs. Aluminium powder is used in making anticorrosion paints. Alloys of aluminium are used in making parts of aircraft, buses. Question: 3 Why are non metals electronegative in nature? Non metals have five or more electrons in their valence shell, hence they have tendency to accept electrons and become electronegative. Question: 4 Why is sulphuric acid called King of chemicals? Sulphuric acid, is the most important chemical, used in the manufacture of large number of substanc

Economics Multiple Choice Questions and Answers

ssc preparation, important competetion questions, current affairs of india, latest question asked in competetion papers, Question: 1 Who is the author of the book ‘Wealth of nations’? Adam Smith Question: 2 Whose definition of economics is general in nature? Samuelson Question: 3 Give two examples for social science? Economics and History Question: 4 What deals with all aspects of society? Sociology Question: 5 Who defined economics as, “Economics is the science of wealth”? Adam Smith Question: 6 Who advocated inductive method in scientific enquiry? Francis Bacon Question: 7 Whose definition of economics studies two sides? Alfred Marshall Question: 8 What is the other name for economics? Political economy Question: 9 What are the two kinds of income? Money and Real income Question: 10 What are the kinds of utility in production? Form, Place and Time utility Question: 11 Who gave the welfare definition of economics? Alfred Marshall Question: 12 What is the other name of capital goods? I

Ancient History Maratha Empire Rule

ssc preparation, important competetion questions, current affairs of india, latest question asked in competetion papers, Question: 1 What was the aim of Shivaji? Shivaji aimed to free his country, India from the Mughals and to establish a Hindu kingdom in Maharashtra region. Question: 2 Write about Saraswathi Mahal? Saraswathi Mahal is a centre of learning and research institute. The Maratha King Sarfoji II established it in Tanjore. It was a unique example for the art and architecture of the Tanjore Marathas. It has a huge collection of Marathi and Sanskrit leaves. There are books in English, French, German, Greek, Latin and Sanskrit languages arranged in ten shelves. Question: 3 What were the southern conquests of Shivaji? Shivaji invaded the Tamil country. He defeated the rulers of Ginjgee, Vellore, Tanjore and occupied these regions. He appointed Shantaji as his representative to rule there. Shivaji spent 10 months in Tamil country. Question: 4 What is the importance of the Tanjore

Environmental Science MCQ Q

ssc preparation, important competetion questions, current affairs of india, latest question asked in competetion papers, Question: 1 What are the common air pollutants? They are common air pollutants (1) Smoke from forest fire (2) Carbon monoxide (3) Sulphur dioxide (4) Nitrogen oxides (5) Automobile exhaust (6) Partially burnt fuel Question: 2 Define Global warming? Abnormal increase of the temperature in the environment due to the continuous accumulation of gaseous pollutants is known as global warming. Question: 3 What are the benefits of Rainwater Harvesting? They are 1. Ground water level increases and improves. 2. Recharges the well. 3. Reduces the amount of runoff water, soil erosion loss of valuable top soil and evaporation rate. 4. Arrests sea water intrusion towards hand. 5. Improves plant growth, reduces drinking water problems. Question: 4 What is meant by green house effect? The phenomenon by which more amount of heat from the Sun is trapped by the earth, thus increasing i

Latest Abbreviations for Competitive Exams

ssc preparation, important competetion questions, current affairs of india, latest question asked in competetion papers, Abbreviation Stands for UNI United News of India UNICEF United Nations International Children’s Emergency Fund UNHCR United Nations High Commission for Refugees UNO United Nations Organisation UPS Uninterrupted Power Supply UPSC Union Public Service Commission USP Unique Selling Proposition UTI Unit Trust of India UIDAI Unique Identification Authority of India VAT Value Added Tax VDIS Voluntary Disclosure of Income Scheme VSSC Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre VSNL Videsh Sanchar Nigam Limited VRS Voluntary Retirement Scheme VPP Value Payable Post VC Vice Chancellor VC Victoria Cross VIP Very Important Person WMO World Meteorological Organisation WWF World Wildlife Fund WPI Wholesale Price Index WTO World Trade Organisation WWF World Wide Fund for Name WWW    World Wide Web WLL Wireless Local Loop WHO World Health Organisation WEF World Economic Forum X-tian Christian YMC