Important World Geography notes

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Important World Geography notes

Desert
Desert is a large landmass of the earth. They make up 20 % of the earth’s landmass. It is a dry, sandy region of little rainfall, extreme temperature & sparse vegetation.
E.g.:       1) The Sahara Desert (Africa)
               2)  The Atacama Desert (Chile)
                3) The Gobhi Desert (Magnolia)
                4) The Thar Desert (India)


Mountains
It is a natural elevation of the earth’s surface. They may be arranged in a line known as range.
E.g.:       1) Himalayan Mountain (Asia)
                2) Mt. Kilimanjaro (Africa)
                3) Mt. Fujiyama (Japan)
                4) Rocky Mountain (N. America)
Islands
An island is a piece of sub-continental land that is surrounded by water. Islands are volcanic in origin or formed from coral reef.
                Largest island     - Greenland
                Largest River Island - Majorly (Assam)
                Largest Populated Island – Java (Indonesia)
                Island shared by 3 countries – Borneo.
Oceans
Oceans are the major body of saline water covering 71% of Earth’s surface.
The waves, tides & ocean currents are the 3 chief movements of ocean waters. The 4 major oceans are the
1) Pacific Ocean
2) Atlantic Ocean
3) Indian Ocean
4) Arctic Ocean
5) Southern Ocean

1) Pacific ocean – Largest ocean
Mariana Trench , the deepest part of the earth lies in Pacific ocean.
- It is circular in shape.
- Asia, Australia, N & S America surround it.

2. Atlantic Ocean- 2nd Largest Ocean
                - It is ‘S’ shaped.
                - Flanked by N. & S. America on Westside& Europe & Africa on the east.
The coastline of Atlantic is indented and this irregular and indented coastline provides ideal location for natural harbors & ports. Hence it is the busiest ocean from commercial view point.

3. Indian Ocean – Only Ocean named after a country – India.
                - Triangular in shape
Bounded by Asia in the north, Africa in the west & Australia in the East.

4. Southern Ocean - The Southern Ocean as the fourth-largest of the five oceans
The Southern Ocean, also known as the Great Southern Ocean, the Antarctic Ocean and the South Polar Ocean

5. Arctic Ocean – Located within the Arctic Circle& surrounds N. Pole.
- Connected with Pacific Ocean by a narrow stretch of shallow water known as “Berring Strait”.
- Bound by Northern coasts of N. America & Eurasia.

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