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Mauryan Administration

Central Government Mauryan administration was highly centralized. The Emperor was the supreme power and source of all authority. He was assisted by a Council of Ministers. It was called ‘Mantriparishad’. The ministers were called ‘Mantris.’ The council was headed by ‘mantriparishad-adhyakshya’ akin to the Prime Minister of today. Tirthas: the Highest category of officials in the administration. There were 18 Tirthas. Adhyakshya: Ranked next only to Tirthas. There were 20 Adhyakshyas. They had economic and military functions. Mahamattas: Higher ranking officials. Amatyas: High ranking officials almost like present-day secretaries. They had administrative and judicial roles. The Adhyakshyas were formed into a secretariat, which was divided into many departments. Arthashastra mentions many Adhyakshyas for commerce, storehouses, gold, ships, agriculture, cows, horses, city, chariots, mint, infantry, etc. Yuktas: Subordinate officers responsible for the Empire’s revenue. Rajjukas: Officers ...
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Indian Constitution – Age Limits, Durations

ssc preparation, important competetion questions, current affairs of india, latest question asked in competetion papers, Indian Constitution – Age Limits, Durations ############################ ●●Important Age Limits in Indian Constitution●● 1. Minimum age for election to the post of President/Vice-President/Governor 35 years 2. Minimum age for election as MP (Lok Sabha)/MLA 25 years 3. Minimum age for election as MP (Rajya Sabha)/MLC 30 years 4. Upper age limit for appointment as a judge of Supreme Court, Attorney General, Comptroller General, member of Public Service Commission 65 years 5. Upper age limit for appointment as a judge of High court/ Advocate General/member of State Commission 62 years 6. Minimum age limit for employment in a factory 14 years 7. Age between which education has been made a fundamental right 6 to 14 years 8. Minimum marriageable age for a male 21 years 9. Minimum marriageable age for a female 18 years. ●●Important Time Limits in Indian Constitution●● 1....
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FIRST IN INDIA

ssc preparation, important competetion questions, current affairs of india, latest question asked in competetion papers, FIRST IN INDIA ####### #####   ● British Governor-General : Warren Hastings ● British Governor-General of Independent India : Lord Mountbatten ● Justice of India : Hiralal J. Kania ● Comander-in-Chief of Free India : General K. M. Cariappa ● Chief of Air Staff : Air Marshal Sir Thomas Elmhirst ● Indian Air Chief : Air Marshal S. Mukherjee ● Chief of Army Staff : General M. Rajendra Singh ● Chief of Naval Staff : Vice-Admiral R. D. Katari ● Consmonaut : Sqn. Ldr. Rakesh Sharma ● Emperor of Mughal Dynasty in India : Babar ● Field Marshal : SPFJ Manekshaw ● Governor-General of Indian Union : C. Rajgopalachari ● Indian to get an Oscar : Bhanu Athaiya ● Indian to Reach the South Pole : Col. I. K. Bajaj ● Indian ICS Officer : Satyendra Nath Tagore ● Indian Member of the Viceroy’s Executive Council : Sir S. P. Sinha ● Indian Man to Swim Across the English...
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Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb

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Birth of Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb - [November 3, 1618] This Day in History What happened? On 3 November 1618, Aurangzeb was born in Dahod, Gujarat to Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan and his wife Mumtaz Mahal. Biography Aurangzeb was the third son of Shah Jahan. He had three brothers and two sisters. His birth name was Muhi-ud-Din Muhammad. He was the sixth Mughal Emperor and according to many, the last effective one. He assumed the title of Aurangzeb Alamgir after he took the Mughal throne. In 1636, Aurangzeb was appointed the Viceroy of the Deccan. He had successful military campaigns there for his father. He was also appointed the governor of Gujarat, and later of Balkh, Multan and Sindh. Shah Jahan had designated his eldest son Dara Shikoh as his heir, and so there was a rivalry between Dara and Aurangzeb who also nurtured dreams of becoming the emperor. There was no system of primogeniture among the Mughals and it was customary for sons to fight for the throne after the father’s death. W...
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राजनीति शास्त्र

🙋‍♀🙋‍♀🙋‍♀ राजनीति शास्त्र🙋‍♀🙋‍♀🙋‍♀ 〰〰〰〰〰〰〰〰〰〰〰〰 ०👉🏼 ● जनता द्वारा प्रत्यक्ष रूप से निर्वाचित सदन को क्या कहते है— लोकसभा ०👉🏼 ● संविधान में लोकसभा के सदस्यों की मूल संख्या क्या है— 552 ०👉🏼 ● वर्तमान में लोकसभा में कितने सदस्य हैं— 545 ०👉🏼 ● राष्ट्रपति आंग्ल-भारतीय समुदाय के कितने प्रतिनिधियों को लोकसभा में नामित कर सकता है— दो ०👉🏼 ● लोकसभा में किस आधार पर सीटें आवंटित होती है— जनसंख्या के आधार पर ०👉🏼 ● वर्तमान लोकसभा में प्रत्येक राज्य के लिए स्थानों को आवंटन किस पर आधारित है— 1971 की जनगणना पर ०👉🏼 ● कौन-सी लोकसभा के चुनाव चार चरणों में हुए— 14वीं ०👉🏼 ● लोकसभा का सदस्य बनने के लिए न्यूनतम आयु कितनी होनी चाहिए— 25 वर्ष ०👉🏼 ● कौन-सा राज्य सबसे अधिक प्रतिनिधि लोकसभा में भेजता है— उत्तर प्रदेश ०👉🏼 ● उत्तर प्रदेश के बाद सबसे अधिक संसदीय क्षेत्र किस राज्य में है— महाराष्ट्र में ०👉🏼 ● किस राज्य में लोकसभा सदस्यों की संख्या सबसे कम है— नागालैंड, सिक्किम व मिजोरम ०👉🏼 ● लोकसभा का नेता कौन होता है— प्रधानमंत्री ०👉🏼 ● लोकसभा का नेता कौन होता है— लोकसभा अध्यक्ष को ०👉...
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World History Important Dates

ssc preparation, important competetion questions, current affairs of india, latest question asked in competetion papers, World History: Important Dates BC 10000–4000:  Development of settlement into cities and development of skills, such as wheel and pottery making and improved methods of cultivation. 5500–3000:  Earliest recorded date of Egyptian calender; first phonetic writing appears; Sumerians develop a city-state civilization. 3000–2000:  Pharaonic rule begins in Egypt; completion of the construction of the Great Pyramid at Giza. 3000–1500:  The most ancient civilization on the Indian subcontinent, the sophisticated and extensive Indus Valley Civilization, flourishes in what is today Pakistan. 900–800:  Phoenicians establish Carthage: The Iliad and Odyssey was composed by the Greek poet Homer. 400–300:  Pentateuch-first five Books of the Old Testament evolve in final form. 300–251:  Invention of Mayan calendar in Yucatan-more exact than older cal...
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Most Important History Questions

ssc preparation, important competetion questions, current affairs of india, latest question asked in competetion papers, 30 Most Important History Questions For CDS, AFCAT and NDA Ancient History Which animal is found in maximum number in seals of Indus civilization –  Rhinoceros Harrapan people had trade relations with which nation –  Sumer Purushasukta is related to –  Caste System The most important and ancient source of Indian philosophy is –  Vedas Mahavira, the founder of Jainism, belongs to which royal family –  Jantrika The famous scholar, Hemachandra was patronized by –  Chandragupta Maurya According to the Buddhist philosophy, the theory of cause and effect is known as –  Trishna “Sita” lands in Arthasastra are –  Lands cultivated by The Tribes The script in which Kashmiri language was originally written was –  Kharoshti Who were the first kings to issue gold coins in India –  Kushanas Medieval...
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Environmental Science MCQ Q

ssc preparation, important competetion questions, current affairs of india, latest question asked in competetion papers, Question: 1 What are the common air pollutants? They are common air pollutants (1) Smoke from forest fire (2) Carbon monoxide (3) Sulphur dioxide (4) Nitrogen oxides (5) Automobile exhaust (6) Partially burnt fuel Question: 2 Define Global warming? Abnormal increase of the temperature in the environment due to the continuous accumulation of gaseous pollutants is known as global warming. Question: 3 What are the benefits of Rainwater Harvesting? They are 1. Ground water level increases and improves. 2. Recharges the well. 3. Reduces the amount of runoff water, soil erosion loss of valuable top soil and evaporation rate. 4. Arrests sea water intrusion towards hand. 5. Improves plant growth, reduces drinking water problems. Question: 4 What is meant by green house effect? The phenomenon by which more amount of heat from the Sun is trapped by the earth, thus increasing i...
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Top 10 Highest Mountain Peaks in India | RRB NTPC

Top 10 Highest Mountain Peaks in India Top 10 Highest Mountain Peaks in India are discussed here . Whoever has heard about India, whether he or she is a resident of the country or lives abroad, knows the subcontinent for its diversity, not only culturally and lingual but also in terms of natural terrain, including valleys, mountains, rivers, flora, and fauna. Our country is also home to the mighty Himalayas, the highest mountain range in the world, which has some of the highest peaks as well. The Karakoram ranges, Garhwal Himalaya and Kanchenjunga are home to the highest peaks in India, such as Kanchenjunga, Nanda Devi, and Kamet, to name the top three. Kanchenjunga  is the highest mountain peak in India and ranked 3rd highest peak in the world with an elevation of 8,586 m (28,169 ft). It is situated at the border of India and Nepal in the Himalayas range in Sikkim.  Anamudi  is the highest peak in the  Western Ghats  in India and also the highest point in South...
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S. R. Bommai Case : The Detailed Analysis

🔰S. R. Bommai Case : The Detailed Analysis🔰 🌺Who was S. R. Bommai?🌺 🌿S. R. Bommai was the Chief Minister of the Janata Dal government in Karnataka between August 13, 1988 and April 21, 1989. 🌺What was the background of his case?🌺 🌿His government was dismissed on April 21, 1989 under Article 356 of the Constitution and President’s Rule was imposed, in what was then a mostly common mode to keep Opposition parties at bay.  🌿The dismissal was on grounds that the Bommai government had lost majority following large-scale defections engineered by several party leaders of the day.  🌿Then Governor P. Venkatasubbaiah refused to give Bommai an opportunity to test his majority in the Assembly despite the latter presenting him with a copy of the resolution passed by the Janata Dal Legislature Party. 🌺What happened then?🌺 🌿Shri Bommai went to court against the Governor’s decision to recommend President’s Rule.  🌿First he moved the Karnataka High Court, which dismissed his...
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