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Mauryan Administration

Central Government Mauryan administration was highly centralized. The Emperor was the supreme power and source of all authority. He was assisted by a Council of Ministers. It was called ‘Mantriparishad’. The ministers were called ‘Mantris.’ The council was headed by ‘mantriparishad-adhyakshya’ akin to the Prime Minister of today. Tirthas: the Highest category of officials in the administration. There were 18 Tirthas. Adhyakshya: Ranked next only to Tirthas. There were 20 Adhyakshyas. They had economic and military functions. Mahamattas: Higher ranking officials. Amatyas: High ranking officials almost like present-day secretaries. They had administrative and judicial roles. The Adhyakshyas were formed into a secretariat, which was divided into many departments. Arthashastra mentions many Adhyakshyas for commerce, storehouses, gold, ships, agriculture, cows, horses, city, chariots, mint, infantry, etc. Yuktas: Subordinate officers responsible for the Empire’s revenue. Rajjukas: Officers ...
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FIRST IN INDIA

ssc preparation, important competetion questions, current affairs of india, latest question asked in competetion papers, FIRST IN INDIA ####### #####   ● British Governor-General : Warren Hastings ● British Governor-General of Independent India : Lord Mountbatten ● Justice of India : Hiralal J. Kania ● Comander-in-Chief of Free India : General K. M. Cariappa ● Chief of Air Staff : Air Marshal Sir Thomas Elmhirst ● Indian Air Chief : Air Marshal S. Mukherjee ● Chief of Army Staff : General M. Rajendra Singh ● Chief of Naval Staff : Vice-Admiral R. D. Katari ● Consmonaut : Sqn. Ldr. Rakesh Sharma ● Emperor of Mughal Dynasty in India : Babar ● Field Marshal : SPFJ Manekshaw ● Governor-General of Indian Union : C. Rajgopalachari ● Indian to get an Oscar : Bhanu Athaiya ● Indian to Reach the South Pole : Col. I. K. Bajaj ● Indian ICS Officer : Satyendra Nath Tagore ● Indian Member of the Viceroy’s Executive Council : Sir S. P. Sinha ● Indian Man to Swim Across the English...
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Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb

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Birth of Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb - [November 3, 1618] This Day in History What happened? On 3 November 1618, Aurangzeb was born in Dahod, Gujarat to Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan and his wife Mumtaz Mahal. Biography Aurangzeb was the third son of Shah Jahan. He had three brothers and two sisters. His birth name was Muhi-ud-Din Muhammad. He was the sixth Mughal Emperor and according to many, the last effective one. He assumed the title of Aurangzeb Alamgir after he took the Mughal throne. In 1636, Aurangzeb was appointed the Viceroy of the Deccan. He had successful military campaigns there for his father. He was also appointed the governor of Gujarat, and later of Balkh, Multan and Sindh. Shah Jahan had designated his eldest son Dara Shikoh as his heir, and so there was a rivalry between Dara and Aurangzeb who also nurtured dreams of becoming the emperor. There was no system of primogeniture among the Mughals and it was customary for sons to fight for the throne after the father’s death. W...
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S. R. Bommai Case : The Detailed Analysis

ЁЯФ░S. R. Bommai Case : The Detailed AnalysisЁЯФ░ ЁЯМ║Who was S. R. Bommai?ЁЯМ║ ЁЯМ┐S. R. Bommai was the Chief Minister of the Janata Dal government in Karnataka between August 13, 1988 and April 21, 1989. ЁЯМ║What was the background of his case?ЁЯМ║ ЁЯМ┐His government was dismissed on April 21, 1989 under Article 356 of the Constitution and President’s Rule was imposed, in what was then a mostly common mode to keep Opposition parties at bay.  ЁЯМ┐The dismissal was on grounds that the Bommai government had lost majority following large-scale defections engineered by several party leaders of the day.  ЁЯМ┐Then Governor P. Venkatasubbaiah refused to give Bommai an opportunity to test his majority in the Assembly despite the latter presenting him with a copy of the resolution passed by the Janata Dal Legislature Party. ЁЯМ║What happened then?ЁЯМ║ ЁЯМ┐Shri Bommai went to court against the Governor’s decision to recommend President’s Rule.  ЁЯМ┐First he moved the Karnataka High Court, which dismissed his...
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GEOGRAPHY STUDY NOTES

ssc preparation, important competetion questions, current affairs of india, latest question asked in competetion papers, GATEWAY TO CGL MAINS: GEOGRAPHY STUDY NOTES Earth Latitude and Longitude Earth Latitude • Imaginary lines drawn parallel to the equator. Measured as an angle whose apex is at the centre of the earth. • The equator represents 0° latitude, while the North Pole is 90° N and the South Pole 90° S • 23½° N represents Tropic of Cancer while 23½° S represents Tropic of Capricorn. • 66½° N represents Arctic Circle while 66½° S represents Antarctic Circle. • There are total 181 latitudes including the equator. Each parallel of latitude is a circle, but they are not equal. • The circle becomes smaller towards the poles. Equator is the ‘Greatest Circle’ that can be drawn on the earth’s surface. • The distance between any two parallels of latitude is always equal. 1 degree lat. = 111km. Earth Longitude • It is the angular distance measured fr...
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Flagship Programmes by Government of India

ssc preparation, important competetion questions, current affairs of india, latest question asked in competetion papers, Some of the Flagship Programmes by Government of India (GOI) are : National Rural Employment Guarantee Programme (NREGP) National Rural Health Mission (NRHM) Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS) Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan (SSA) Mid-day Meal Scheme (MDM) National Social Assistance Programme (NSAP) Total Sanitation Campaign (TSC) Backward Regions Grant Fund (BRGF) National Rural Employment Guarantee Programme (NREGP): The National Rural Employment Guarantee Act ( NREGA ) was launched in 2005; It has been enacted to reinforce the commitment towards livelihood security in rural areas. The objective of the NREGP is to enhance the livelihood security of the people in the rural area by guaranteeing 100 days of wage employment in a financial year to a rural household whose members volunteer to do unskilled manual work. Starting with 200 districts ac...
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Madhya Pradesh General Knowledge Questions

ssc preparation, important competetion questions, current affairs of india, latest question asked in competetion papers, Madhya Pradesh GK Madhya Pradesh General Knowledge Questions  Que. According to  area Madhya Pradesh State stands on which place  in India?    (A) First   (B) Second    (C) Third    (D) Fourth  Ans:  (B) Second  Que. The "Tawa" is the tributary of which river  (A) Narmada River (B) Tapti River  (C) Sone River  (D) Shipra River  Ans:  (A) Narmada River Que. Vidharbha Region, which is now a part of Maharashtra State was part of which State in past? (A) Madhya Pradesh  (B) Uttar Pradesh  (C) Bihar  (D) Uttarakhand  Ans: Que.  'King Bhoja'  was a  (A) Parmara king  (B) Chalukya king  (C) Chandella king  (D) Muslim king  Ans:  (A) Parmara king  Que. Which Indian leader was not born in madhya P...
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What is a Satellite

ssc preparation, important competetion questions, current affairs of india, latest question asked in competetion papers, ore we look into the list of Indian Satellites, let’s quickly learn few trivia about Satellites. #1. What is a Satellite? Anything that orbits something else like the moon orbits the earth, is known as a satellite. They are used for diverse purposes such as weather forecasting, television broadcast, radio communications, internet communications, GPS, etc. Generally, there are two types of satellites Natural  (Moon orbiting the Earth) Artificial  (International Space Station orbiting the Earth) There are many natural and artificial satellites, out there in space, performing their functions and making our lives back on earth easy in some or the other way. The artificial satellites as the name suggests are man made satellites from different countries. Let us look at the year – wise list of Indian Satellites with their purposes and also le...
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Environmental Science MCQ Q

ssc preparation, important competetion questions, current affairs of india, latest question asked in competetion papers, Question: 1 What are the common air pollutants? They are common air pollutants (1) Smoke from forest fire (2) Carbon monoxide (3) Sulphur dioxide (4) Nitrogen oxides (5) Automobile exhaust (6) Partially burnt fuel Question: 2 Define Global warming? Abnormal increase of the temperature in the environment due to the continuous accumulation of gaseous pollutants is known as global warming. Question: 3 What are the benefits of Rainwater Harvesting? They are 1. Ground water level increases and improves. 2. Recharges the well. 3. Reduces the amount of runoff water, soil erosion loss of valuable top soil and evaporation rate. 4. Arrests sea water intrusion towards hand. 5. Improves plant growth, reduces drinking water problems. Question: 4 What is meant by green house effect? The phenomenon by which more amount of heat from the Sun is trapped by the earth, thus increasing i...
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UPSC Toppers ​​​Optional Subjects

ssc preparation, important competetion questions, current affairs of india, latest question asked in competetion papers, UPSC Toppers ​​​Optional Subjects Year UPSC Topper Name (Rank 1) Optional Subject Chosen Home State Cadre Service Opted 2018 Kanishak Kataria Mathematics Rajasthan IAS 2017 Anudeep Durishetty Anthropology Telangana IAS 2016 Nandini K. R. Kannada Literature Karnataka IAS 2015 Tina Dabi Political Science Delhi IAS 2014 Ira Singhal           Geography Delhi IAS 2013 Gaurav Aggarwal Economics Rajasthan IAS 2012 Haritha V. Kumar Economics & Malayalam Literature Kerala IAS 2011 Shena Aggarwal Medical Science and Psychology Haryana IAS 2010 S Divyadharshini Public Administration & Law Tamil Nadu IAS 2009 Shah Faesal Public Administration & Urdu Literature Jammu & Kashmir IAS 2008 Shubhra Saxena Psychology & Public Administration Uttar Pradesh IAS 2007 Adapa Karthik Zoology & Psychology Telangana I...
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