Sur Dynasty or Sur Interregnum (1540-1555)

Sher Shah Suri [Medieval History Of India]


SUR DYNASTY or SUR Interregnum (1540-1555)
Sher Shah’s Administration
  • Sher Shah was the founder of Sur Dynasty.
  • His original name was Farid.
  • He was the son of Hasan Khan, a jagirdar of Sasaram in Bihar.
  • He was given the title Sher Khan for his bravery under the Afghan Rule of Bihar.
Sher Shah Sur (1486-1545)
  • Sher Shah Sur’s conquests include Bundelkhand, Malwa, Multan, Punjab, and Sind.
  • His empire occupied the whole of North India except Assam, Gujarat, Kashmir, and Nepal.
  • Though his rule lasted for only 5 years, he has organized an excellent administrative system.
  • The king was aided by four important ministers.
    1. Diwan –i- Wizarat or Wazir – in charge of Revenue and Finance
    2. Diwan-i-Ariz – in charge of Army
    3. Diwan-i-Rasalat – Foreign Minister
    4. Diwan-i-Insha – Minister for Communications
  • Sher Shah’s empire was divided into forty-seven Sarkars
  • Each sarkar was further divided into various Parganas and in charge of various officers.
    • Shiqdar – Military Officer
    • Amin – Land Revenue
    • Fotedar – Treasurer
    • Karkuns – Accountants
  • Iqtas – various administrative units
  • Under Sher Shah, the land revenue administration was well organized.
  • The land survey was sensibly done.
  • All cultivable lands were classified into three classes – good, middle and bad.
  • The state’s share was one-third of the average production and it was paid in cash or crop.
  • Sher Shah introduced new silver coins called “Dam” and they were in circulation till 1835.
  • Police were competently restructured and crime was less during his regime.
  • Shah borrowed many ideas like the branding of horses from Alauddin Khalji
  • Sher Shah had also developed the communications by laying four important highways.
    • Sonargaon to Sind
    • Agra to Berhampur
    • Jodhpur to Chittor
    • Lahore to Multan
Estimate of Sher Shah
  • Sher Shah remained a pious Muslim and generally tolerant towards other religions.
  • He also employed Hindus in important offices.
  • The old fort called Purana Qila and its mosque was built during his period.
  • He also built a Mausoleum at Sasaram, which is considered as one of the masterpieces of Indian architecture.
  • The famous Hindi work Padmavat by Malik Muhammad Jayasi was written during his reign.
  • In 1545, Sher Shah died and his successors ruled till 1555 later which Humayun reconquered India.

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