Arab And Turkish Invasions

Arab And Turkish Invasions [Medieval History Of India]


Arab and Turkish Invasions
Arab Invasion in India
Muhammad-bin-Qasim
  • Al-Hajjajj, the Governor of Iraq sent Muhammad-bin-Qasim to India
  • He Conquered Sind with the permission of Caliph Walid
Battle of Rewar
  • Fought between Muhammad-bin-Qasim and Dahir the ruler of Sind
  • Dahir was defeated. Sind and Multan were captured.
  • Muhammad-bin-Qasim called Multan as ‘The City of Gold’ 
Administrative System
  • Sind and Multan were divided into a number of Iqtas or districts by Muhammad-bin-Qasim and Arab military officers headed the Iqtas.
  • The sub-divisions of the districts were administered by the local Hindu Officers.
  • Jizya was imposed on non-Muslims. 
Muhammad bin Qasim’s Army
  • 25,000 troops with 6000 Camels, 6000 Syrian horses, 3000 Bactrian Camels and an artillery force with 2000 men, advanced guards, and five catapults.
End of Muhammad-bin-Qasim
  • Caliph Walid was succeeded by Caliph Sulaiman.
  • He was an enemy of Al-Hajjaj, the Governor of Iraq.
  • Muhammad-bin Qasim was the son-in-law of Al-Hajjaj, so he dismissed him and sent to Mesopotamia as a prisoner where he was tortured to death.
  • For more than 150 years, Sind and Multan continued to remain as the part of the Caliph’s Empire. 
Effects of Arab Conquest
  • The subjugation of Sind made way for Islam into India.
  • The art of administration, astronomy, music, painting, medicine and architecture were learnt by Arabs from our land and they spread astronomy, Indian Philosophy, and numerals to Europe.
The Turkish Invasion in India
  • In the 8th and 9th centuries, the Turks dominated the Caliphs of Baghdad
  • They extended their dominion beyond Sind and Multan into India.
Rani Bai’s heroic defense
  • The wife of Dahir and the other women of Sind put up a heroic defence within the Fort of Rewar.
Indian Impact
Brahma Siddhanta
  • Brahma Siddhanta a Sanskrit work of Brahma Gupta was translated into Arabic in which the names of Indian Scientists like Sindbad, Bhala, Manaka are mentioned.
  • In a hospital at Baghdad, Dhana was appointed as a chief Medical officer.
  • A serious disease of Caliph Harun-al-Rashid Manaka, a physician cured.
Mahmud of Ghazni (971 to 1030)
  • In 1001 A.D. Mahmud of Ghazni invaded India
  • He was the first Turkish to invade India.
  • He returned to Ghazna with enormous wealth after defeating
    • Jaipala, the ruler of the Hindu Shahi Dynasty
    • Fateh Daud of Multan
    • Anandpala of Nagarkot
    • the Chandelas, the rulers of Mathura
    • Kanauj, and Gwalior.
  • Mahmud’s significant invasion in Hindustan was against the Somnath temple in 1025 A.D., located on the coast of Kathiawar and Raja Bhima Dev the ruler of Kathiawar and his followers escaped from the place. 
Mahmud of Ghazni’s Character Estimation
  • Mahmud of Ghazni was one of the greatest Muslim rulers of Asia.
  • He patronised art and letters and scholars like Firdausi and Alberuni.
End of Ghazni’s rule in India
  • Ghazni died in 1030. Mahmud of Ghori came up.
Muhammad of Ghori (1149 – 1206)
  • He was the third Muslim ruler who invaded India.
  • He became the ruler of Ghori. 
Muhammad of Ghori invasions
  • He first invaded India in 1175 A.D. 
First Battle of Tarain (1191 A.D.)
  • He seized the fortress of Bhatinda in 1189 A.D. and then progressed into the kingdom of Prithviraj Chauhan.
  • Muhammad of Ghori was defeated by Prithviraj in the First Battle of Tarain in 1191 A.D. and recovered Bhatinda. 
Second Battle of Tarain (1192 A.D.)
  • In the second battle of Train, the joined forces of the Rajput rulers under Prithviraj were defeated by Muhammad of Ghori.
  • Prithviraj was held as a prisoner and later put to death.
  • The Turkish rule began for the first time in Indian history with the end of The Second Battle of Tarain.
  • Qutb-ud-din Aibak was appointed as the commander by Muhammad of Ghori 
Rajput Uprisings
  • There were many Rajput mutinies between 1193 and 1198 A.D.
  • Qutb-ud-din-Aibak defeated them and brought many regions under his control.
  • Muhammad of Ghori made Delhi as the capital.
Battle of Chandawar (1194 A.D.)
  • Muhammad of Ghori defeated Jaichandra, the greatest Rajput ruler of Kanauj and killed him in the battle. 
Conquest of Bengal and Bihar
  • Muhammad-bin-Baktiyar Khilji, one of the commanders of Muhammad of Ghori destroyed Vikramasila in 1202 and Nalanda Universities in 1203A.D. 
Death of Muhammad of Ghori
  • He was assassinated on 25th March 1206 A.D. in Central Asia by some Shia rebels and Khokhars.
  • He is considered to be the real founder of the Turkish Empire in India because of his various invasions and subjugations of the Rajput territories in North India.







































Comments











Post a Comment



















Popular From Month









India's wetland





















भारत के 38 रामसर स्थल (वेटलैंड्स): ➖➖➖➖➖➖➖➖➖➖➖➖➖➖ 1. कोलेरु झील (आंध्र प्रदेश) 2. गहरा बील (असम) 3. नालसरोवर पक्षी अभयारण्य (गुजरात) 4. चंदेरटल वेटलैंड (हिमाचल प्रदेश) 5. पौंग बांध झील (हिमाचल प्रदेश) 6. रेणुका वेटलैंड (हिमाचल प्रदेश) 7. होकेरा वेटलैंड (जम्मू और कश्मीर) 8. सूरिंसार-मानसर झीलें (जम्मू-कश्मीर) 9. त्सो-मोरीरी (लद्धाख) 10. वुलर झील (जम्मू-कश्मीर) 11. अष्टमुडी वेटलैंड (केरल) 12. सस्थमकोट्टा झील (केरल) 13. वेम्बनाड-कोल वेटलैंड( केरल) 14. भोज वेटलैंड, भोपाल, ( मध्य प्रदेश) 15. लोकतक झील ( मणिपुर) 16. भितरकनिका मैंग्रोव (ओडिशा) 17. चिलिका झील (ओडिशा) 18. हरिके झील (पंजाब) 19. कंजली झील (पंजाब) 20. रोपड़ (पंजाब) 21. सांभर झील (राजस्थान) 22. केवलादेव राष्ट्रीय उद्यान( राजस्थान) 23. प्वाइंट कैलिमेरे वन्यजीव और पक्षी अभयारण्य (तमिलनाडु) 24. रुद्रसागर झील (त्रिपुरा) 25. ऊपरी गंगा नदी ,ब्रजघाट से नरौरा खिंचाव (उत्तर प्रदेश) 26. पूर्व कलकत्ता वेटलैंड्स (पश्चिम बंगाल) 27. सुंदर वन डेल्टा (पश्चिम बंगाल) ☑️ इस वर्ष की शुरुआत में शामिल किए गए 10 क्षेत्र👇👇 28. नंदूर मधमेश्वर ,नासिक (महा...








Read more










Current Affairs 30th March 2017





















 ssc preparation, important competetion questions, current affairs of india, latest question asked in competetion papers,        Updated : 30-Mar-2017      Current Affairs 30th March 2017  - Important Points   India became net exporter of electricity - For the first time  Turkey's Elvan Abeylegesse removed of -  Olympic medals  Four  GST Bills  passed by - Lok Sabha  Letter signed to trigger  Brexit  from EU by - British PM Theresa May  Medicinal use of marijuana approved by - Argentina    Current Affairs 30th March 2017  - Details   India became net exporter of electricity - For the first time   India became the net exporter of electricity for the first time, as per Central Electricity Authority, the designated authority of Union Government for Cross Border Trade of Electricity on 29th March 2017. During the financial year 2016-17, India exported around 5798 million units to Nepal, Bangladesh and Myanmar which was 213 Million units more...








Read more










Amer Fort





















Amer Fort At a short distance of 11 kms from Jaipur, the Capital of Rajasthan State, the Amer Fort complex stands amidst wooded hills overlooking the Delhi-Jaipur highway, with its forbidding ramparts reflected in the still waters of the Maota Lake below. One of the finest examples of Rajput architecture, it was the ancient capital of the Kachhawah rulers. The original palace was built by Raja Man Singh and additions were made later by Sawai Jai Singh. Within the palace are the Diwan-e-Aam or the "Hall of Public Audience", the Diwan-e-Khas or the "Hall of Private Audience" and the Sukh Niws where a cool breeze blows across channels of water for the purpose of air-conditioning. The private chambers of the queens have windows with latticed screens so that the ladies could watch the proceedings of the royal court in privacy. There is also the Jai Mandir or the "Temple of Victory", with its famous Sheesh Mahal, the scintillating "Hall of Mirrors".








Read more










Important Rivers Of India Part -2




















Image







 ssc preparation, important competetion questions, current affairs of india, latest question asked in competetion papers,      THE BRAHMAPUTRA SYSTEM (BRAHMAPUTRA AND ITS TRIBUTARIES)     Brahmaputra or Tsangpo (Tibet)   Source:  Rises in the Chemayungdung glacier in the Kailash Range and Mariam La   pass separates it from Mansarovar Lake.   Total Length:  2,900 km one of the longest rivers of the world.   River’s Basin:  240,000 sq,km   Information:  Important tributaries: Subansiri Kameng, Dhansiri, Dilhang, Lohit,  Tista, Torsa. Manas; Burhi Dihing, etc. It flows through Tibet, India and  Bangladesh and forms the large delta of the world along with Ganga.       P E N INSULAR RIVERS     1.Mahanadi:   (An important river of the peninsular India)   Source:  Northern foothills of Dandakarnaya near Shiawa in Raipur district.   Length:   857km/  River’s Basin: 141,600 sq.km in M.P., Orissa, Bihar and Maharashtra   Information :  Left b...








Read more










भारत रत्न पुरस्कार विजेता व वर्ष





















🔘 भारत रत्न पुरस्कार विजेता व वर्ष ▰▱▰▱▰▱▰▱▰▱▰▱▰▱ ⌾ डॉ. चन्द्रशेखर वेंकटरमण   ➾  1954  ⌾ चक्रवर्ती राजगोपालाचारी  ➾  1954 ⌾ डॉ. सर्वपल्ली राधाकृष्णन  ➾  1954 ⌾ सर मोक्षगुंडम विश्वेश्वरैया  ➾  1955 ⌾ डॉ. भगवान दास  ➾  1955 ⌾ जवाहर लाल नेहरू  ➾  1955 ⌾ गोविन्द वल्लभ पंत  ➾ 1957 ⌾ महर्षि डॉ॰ धोंडो केशव कर्वे  ➾ 1958 ⌾ राजर्षि पुरुषोत्तम दास टंडन  ➾  1961 ⌾ डॉ॰ बिधान चंद्र राय ➾  1961 ⌾ डॉ. राजेन्द्र प्रसाद  ➾  1962 ⌾ डॉ. जाकिर हुसैन  ➾  1963 ⌾ डॉ. पांडुरंग वामन काणे  ➾  1963 ⌾ लाल बहादुर शास्त्री (मरणोपरांत)  ➾  1966 ⌾ इंदिरा गांधी  ➾  1971 ⌾ वराहगिरी वेंकट गिरी  ➾  1975 ⌾ कुमारस्वामी कामराज (मरणोपरांत)  ➾  1976 ⌾ मदर टेरेसा  ➾ 1980 ⌾आचार्य विनोबा भावे (मरणोपरांत)  ➾  1983 ⌾ खान अब्दुल गफ्फार खान  ➾  1987 ⌾ मरुथुर गोपालन रामचंद्रन (मरणोपरांत) ➾  1988 ⌾ डॉ. भीमराव अम्बेडकर (मरणोपरांत)  ➾ ...








Read more










Sultanate of Delhi





















Sultanate of Delhi The period from 1206 A.D. to 1526 A.D. came to be known as the Delhi Sultanate period. This period witnessed many dynasties and various rulers. Some of the major dynasties and rulers this period witnessed are listed below. Sl. No. Dynasty Name 1 Slave (Ghulam) or Mamluk Dynasty 2 Khilji Dynasty 3 Tughluq dynasty 4 Sayyid Dynasty 5 Lodi dynasty Slave (Ghulam) or Mamluk Dynasty Ruler Period Events Qutb-ud-din Aibak (1206–1210) Founder of Mamluk Dynast and Slave of Muhammad Ghori Aram Shah (1210–1211) Eldest son of Qutb-ud-din Aibak Shams-ud-din Iltutmish (1211–1236) Son-in-law of Qutb-ud-din Aibak Rukn ud din Firoz (1236) Son of Iltutmish Razia Sultana (1236–1240) Daughter of Iltutmish and Grand Daughter of Qutb-ud-din Aibak. Muizuddin Bahram (1240–1242) Son of Iltutmish Alauddin Masud (1242–1246) Son of Rukn-ud-din Firoz Nasiruddin Mahmud (1246–1266) Razia’s Brother who had died in 1229 Ghiyas-ud-din Balban (1266–1286) Father-in-law of Nashiruddin Mahmud and the most ...








Read more










Public Sector Banks/Private Sector Banks/Foreign Banks/Regional Rural Banks taglines and head name





















 ssc preparation, important competetion questions, current affairs of india, latest question asked in competetion papers,     Public Sector Banks    S.NO Bank Name Headquarters Tagline/Slogan Chairman/Head  1 Allahabad Bank Kolkata A tradition of trust Rakesh Sethi  2 Andhra Bank Hyderabad Much more to do. With YOU in focus Suresh N Patel  3 Bank of Baroda Vadodara India’s International Bank Ravi Venkatesan(Non-Executive)  4 Bank of India Mumbai Relationships beyond Banking Melwyn O. Rego  5 Bank of Maharashtra Pune One Family One Bank Ravindra Marathe  6 Canara Bank Bangalore It’s easy to change for those who you love, Together we Can T. N. Manoharan  7 Central Bank of India Mumbai Build A Better Life Around Us, Central to you since 1911 Rajeev Rishi  8 Corporation Bank Mangalore Prosperity for all  Jai Kumar Garg  9 Dena Bank Mumbai Trusted Family Bank  Ashwani Kumar  10 Indian Bank Chennai Taking Banking Technology to Common Man, Your Tech-friendly bank Mahesh Kumar Jain(No...








Read more










Role of the Police in Communal Violence in India





















 ssc preparation, important competetion questions, current affairs of india, latest question asked in competetion papers,    The role of the police in communal violence is to arrest trouble shooters, disperse rioters congregated at one place, protect public property from loot and arson, prevent the spreading of rumours (which instigate people of different communities in other districts and states), and maintain public order.   The police cannot perform the role of enforcing law and order without the active cooperation of politicians, bureaucrats, judiciary and the people at large. It is seen that, by and large, the bureaucrats in our country are ritualists, politicians function on the basis of vested interests, judicial officials are traditionalists, and people have no confidence in the police.   The police have, thus, to face many constraints in playing the roles expected of them. Controlling riots and preventing communal vio­lence by police have, therefore, to be examined in the back...








Read more










Mauryan Administration





















Central Government Mauryan administration was highly centralized. The Emperor was the supreme power and source of all authority. He was assisted by a Council of Ministers. It was called ‘Mantriparishad’. The ministers were called ‘Mantris.’ The council was headed by ‘mantriparishad-adhyakshya’ akin to the Prime Minister of today. Tirthas: the Highest category of officials in the administration. There were 18 Tirthas. Adhyakshya: Ranked next only to Tirthas. There were 20 Adhyakshyas. They had economic and military functions. Mahamattas: Higher ranking officials. Amatyas: High ranking officials almost like present-day secretaries. They had administrative and judicial roles. The Adhyakshyas were formed into a secretariat, which was divided into many departments. Arthashastra mentions many Adhyakshyas for commerce, storehouses, gold, ships, agriculture, cows, horses, city, chariots, mint, infantry, etc. Yuktas: Subordinate officers responsible for the Empire’s revenue. Rajjukas: Officers ...








Read more










Famous Temples Of India




















Image







 ssc preparation, important competetion questions, current affairs of india, latest question asked in competetion papers,    51 Famous Temples Of India         Temples Of India       For centuries temples have remained integral to the Indian society. As the nerve centres of Indian religious life, these temples came to wield enormous powers. The role of the temples did not remain confined to catering to the religious needs of man. They went on to dominate the socio-economic and political life of the community while profusely contributing to the cultural and architectural heritage of the country. Unparalleled in their beauty and artistic grandeur these temples have survived as exquisite works of art and given birth to different architectural styles which have evolved over hundreds of years. It is against this backdrop that we introduce you to some of the most famous temples of India.             Badrinath Temple | Badrinath, Uttarakhand        Photograph by http://allhindugods.blogspot.i...








Read more