Akbar

Akbar -The Great (1556-1605)


AKBAR (1556-1605)
  • Akbar’s position was in dangerous when he succeeded his father Humayun as Delhi was seized by the Afghans.
  • In 1556, in the second battle of Panipat, Akabar defeated Hemu and the army of Hemu fled which made the victory of Mughal decisive.
  • During the first 5 years of Akbar’s reign, Bairam Khan acted as his regent.
  • Later, Akbar removed Bairam Khan and sent him to Mecca but Bairam Khan was killed by an Afghan on his way.
  • The military conquests of Akbar were extensive.

Akbar’s Relation with Rajputs

  • Akbar married the Rajput Princess, the daughter of Raja Bharmal.
  • For four-generation, the Rajputs served the Mughals and many served in the positions of military generals as well.
  • Akbar appointed Raja Man Singh and Raja Bhagawan Das in the senior position of the Mughal Administration.
  • Though the majority of the Rajput states surrendered to Akbar, the Ranas of Mewar continued to confront even though they were defeated several times.
  • In 1576, the Mughal Army defeated Rana Pratap Singh in the battle of Haldighati, following the defeat of Mewar, other leading Rajput leaders surrendered to Akbar and accepted his suzeranity
  • Akbar’s policy towards Rajput was combined with broad religious toleration.
  • He abolished the pilgrim tax and later the jiziya. 

Akbar’s Religious Policy

  • It’s Akbar’s religious policy that made way to his name in the history pages.
  • In 1562, he abolished jiziya.
  • He allowed his Hindu wives to worship their own gods.
  • In 1575, Akbar built Ibadat Khana (House of worship) at his new capital Fatepur Sikri and invited scholars from all religions like Christianity, Hinduism, Jainism, and Zoroastrianism.
  • He did not like the intrusion of the Muslim Ulemas in political matters.
  • In 1579, he delivered the “Infallibility Decree” and proclaimed his religious powers.
  • In 1582, he propagated a new religion called Din Ilahi or Divine Faith.

About Din Ilahi

  • The new religion believed in one God.
  • It had all the good points of every religion.
  •  Its foundation was balanced.
  • It didn’t endorse any philosophy.
  • It aimed at bridging the gap that separated different religions.
  • The new religion had only 15 followers including Birbal.
  • Akbar did not compel anyone to join his new religion.
  • However, the new religion proved to be a failure, after Akbar’s death.

Land Revenue Administration

  • With the help of Raja Todar Mal, Akbar experimented on the land revenue administration, which was completed in 1580.
  • The land revenue system was called Zabti or Bandobast system or Dahsala System.
  • The revenue was fixed on the average yield of land measured on the basis of previous ten years.
  • The land was divided into four categories
    1. Polaj (cultivated every year)
    2. Parauti (once in two years)
    3. Chachar (once in three or four years)
    4. Banjar (once in five or more years)
  • Payment of revenue was made generally in cash. 

Mansabdari System 

  • Akbar introduced the Mansabdari system in his administration
  • Under this system, every officer was assigned a rank (Mansab)
  • The lowest rank was 10 and the highest was 5000 for the nobles.
  • Princes of royal blood received even higher ranks.
  • The ranks were divided into two – Zat and Sawar.
  • Zat means personal and it fixed the personal status of a person.
  • Sawar rank indicated the number of cavalrymen of a person who was required to maintain.
  • Every sawar had to maintain at least two horses.
  • All appointments, promotions and dismissals were directly made by the emperor.

Comments

Post a Comment

Popular From Month

Famous Temples Of India

Image
ssc preparation, important competetion questions, current affairs of india, latest question asked in competetion papers, 51 Famous Temples Of India Temples Of India For centuries temples have remained integral to the Indian society. As the nerve centres of Indian religious life, these temples came to wield enormous powers. The role of the temples did not remain confined to catering to the religious needs of man. They went on to dominate the socio-economic and political life of the community while profusely contributing to the cultural and architectural heritage of the country. Unparalleled in their beauty and artistic grandeur these temples have survived as exquisite works of art and given birth to different architectural styles which have evolved over hundreds of years. It is against this backdrop that we introduce you to some of the most famous temples of India. Badrinath Temple | Badrinath, Uttarakhand Photograph by http://allhindugods.blogspot.i
Read more

Bhakti Movement

Image
Bhakti Movement - Origin, Saints, Timeline Vaishnava and Shaiva devotionalism were given new emphasis and expression by the Alwars and Nayanars saints of South India in the early medieval period. As per the tradition, there were 12 Alwars and 63 Nayanars. Using devotion to achieve salvation was a key component of the Bhakti movement which was started as a religious reformation in medieval India. The period of the 8th to 18th century is dedicated to the Bhakti movement where a number of saints (Hindu, Muslim, Sikh) evolved as the messiah of Bhakti (devotion), teaching people the transition of life from normalcy to enlightenment through salvation. Bhakti Movement (8th – 18th Century) Spread of Islam in India has also resulted in the Medieval Bhakti Movement. The Bhakti Movement in Medieval India is of diverse way. The thinking of Bhakti Reformers’ like that of Kabir, Nana and Ramananda were shaped by the preaching of Sufi teachers. Sufism Sufism was a liberal reform movement within Islam
Read more

Sultanate of Delhi

Sultanate of Delhi The period from 1206 A.D. to 1526 A.D. came to be known as the Delhi Sultanate period. This period witnessed many dynasties and various rulers. Some of the major dynasties and rulers this period witnessed are listed below. Sl. No. Dynasty Name 1 Slave (Ghulam) or Mamluk Dynasty 2 Khilji Dynasty 3 Tughluq dynasty 4 Sayyid Dynasty 5 Lodi dynasty Slave (Ghulam) or Mamluk Dynasty Ruler Period Events Qutb-ud-din Aibak (1206–1210) Founder of Mamluk Dynast and Slave of Muhammad Ghori Aram Shah (1210–1211) Eldest son of Qutb-ud-din Aibak Shams-ud-din Iltutmish (1211–1236) Son-in-law of Qutb-ud-din Aibak Rukn ud din Firoz (1236) Son of Iltutmish Razia Sultana (1236–1240) Daughter of Iltutmish and Grand Daughter of Qutb-ud-din Aibak. Muizuddin Bahram (1240–1242) Son of Iltutmish Alauddin Masud (1242–1246) Son of Rukn-ud-din Firoz Nasiruddin Mahmud (1246–1266) Razia’s Brother who had died in 1229 Ghiyas-ud-din Balban (1266–1286) Father-in-law of Nashiruddin Mahmud and the most
Read more

Mauryan Administration

Central Government Mauryan administration was highly centralized. The Emperor was the supreme power and source of all authority. He was assisted by a Council of Ministers. It was called ‘Mantriparishad’. The ministers were called ‘Mantris.’ The council was headed by ‘mantriparishad-adhyakshya’ akin to the Prime Minister of today. Tirthas: the Highest category of officials in the administration. There were 18 Tirthas. Adhyakshya: Ranked next only to Tirthas. There were 20 Adhyakshyas. They had economic and military functions. Mahamattas: Higher ranking officials. Amatyas: High ranking officials almost like present-day secretaries. They had administrative and judicial roles. The Adhyakshyas were formed into a secretariat, which was divided into many departments. Arthashastra mentions many Adhyakshyas for commerce, storehouses, gold, ships, agriculture, cows, horses, city, chariots, mint, infantry, etc. Yuktas: Subordinate officers responsible for the Empire’s revenue. Rajjukas: Officers
Read more

Question Based On Geography:-

ssc preparation, important competetion questions, current affairs of india, latest question asked in competetion papers, Question Based On Geography:- 1.  One degree of longitude on the equator is equal to a distance of – (1) 34.5 miles  (2) 69 miles (3) 60 miles (4) South pole 2.  The latitude of a place expresses its angular position relative to the place of – (1) Axis of the earth (2) Equator (3) North pole (4) South pole 3.  When would you record the maximum angle of incidence of the Sun’s rays at the north pole? (1) March 21 (2) September 21 (3) When the sun’s rays fall vertically on the Tropic of Cancer (4) When the Sun’s rays fall vertically on the Tropic of Capricorn 4.  Which of the following best describes longitude? (1) A imaginary line joining north and south poles. (2) The distance between a place east or west of the Greenwich Meridian (3) The angular distance east or west of the Greenwich Meridian (4) The position of a place on earth’s surface with reference
Read more

Amer Fort

Amer Fort At a short distance of 11 kms from Jaipur, the Capital of Rajasthan State, the Amer Fort complex stands amidst wooded hills overlooking the Delhi-Jaipur highway, with its forbidding ramparts reflected in the still waters of the Maota Lake below. One of the finest examples of Rajput architecture, it was the ancient capital of the Kachhawah rulers. The original palace was built by Raja Man Singh and additions were made later by Sawai Jai Singh. Within the palace are the Diwan-e-Aam or the "Hall of Public Audience", the Diwan-e-Khas or the "Hall of Private Audience" and the Sukh Niws where a cool breeze blows across channels of water for the purpose of air-conditioning. The private chambers of the queens have windows with latticed screens so that the ladies could watch the proceedings of the royal court in privacy. There is also the Jai Mandir or the "Temple of Victory", with its famous Sheesh Mahal, the scintillating "Hall of Mirrors".
Read more

Role of the Police in Communal Violence in India

ssc preparation, important competetion questions, current affairs of india, latest question asked in competetion papers, The role of the police in communal violence is to arrest trouble shooters, disperse rioters congregated at one place, protect public property from loot and arson, prevent the spreading of rumours (which instigate people of different communities in other districts and states), and maintain public order. The police cannot perform the role of enforcing law and order without the active cooperation of politicians, bureaucrats, judiciary and the people at large. It is seen that, by and large, the bureaucrats in our country are ritualists, politicians function on the basis of vested interests, judicial officials are traditionalists, and people have no confidence in the police. The police have, thus, to face many constraints in playing the roles expected of them. Controlling riots and preventing communal vio­lence by police have, therefore, to be examined in the back
Read more

PRESIDENT INFORMATION

▪️PRESIDENT INFORMATION▪️ 🔹Two term president-Rajendra Prasad (1950-62) 🔹 president elected without opposition-Nelam sanjeev reddy 🔹First dalit president-K R Narayanan 🔹 Second dalit president -Ram nath govind 🔹Long lived president-Venkataraman(lived 98 yrs) 🔹Oldest president to assume office -K.R.Narayanan(Assumed office at 77 yrs) 🔹Short lived president -Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed (lived 71 Yrs) 🔹 President from Tamil Nadu-Radhakrishnan,R Venkatraman, APJ Abdul Kalam 🔹youngest president to assume office- Nelam sanjeev reddy 🔹First sikh president- Giani zail singh 🔹First lady president-prathibha patel  🔹Speaker who became president-Nelam sanjeev reddy 🔹President who won in second counting of vote-V V Giri 🔹cheif justice to became president-Mohammad Hidayatullah 🔹First Muslim president -Zakir Hussain 🔹First president to die in office -Zakir Hussain 🔹Vice president to become president-Radhakrishnan,Zakir Hussain,VV Giri,K R Narayanan, Venkatraman,B D Jatti
Read more

Upcoming Sports Venue 2017-18, Full List

Image
ssc preparation, important competetion questions, current affairs of india, latest question asked in competetion papers,  Upcoming Sports Venue 2017-18, Full List! Today we are providing you with an article on the list of Upcoming Sports Venue. Two or three questions are expected in upcoming exams from this topic. This article is important for upcoming Banking, Insurance & SSC Exams. List of Upcoming Sports Venue 1.  Asian Games  -  The Asian Games, also known as Asiad is a Pancontinental multi-sport event held every four years among athletes from all over Asia. The Games were regulated by the Asian Games Federation (AGF). Note:  First Asian games were held in  New Delhi, India in 1951 . Venue of Asian Games 2014 –  Incheon, South Korea. Venue of Asian Games 2018 -  Jakarta-Palembang, Indonesia. Venue of Asian Games 2022 –  Hangzhou, China. Venue of Asian Games 2026 –  Nagoya, Japan. 2.  Commonwealth Games (CWG)  -  The Commonwealth Games is an internatio
Read more

Verbs as Part of Speech

Image
ssc preparation, important competetion questions, current affairs of india, latest question asked in competetion papers, Before moving ahead with the Verbs, let’s have a look at what are parts of speech in brief: Parts of Speech Parts of speech are the basic categories of words according to their function in a sentence. It is a category to which a word is assigned in accordance with its syntactic functions. English has eight main parts of speech, namely,  Nouns, Pronouns, Adjectives, Verbs, Adverbs, Prepositions, Conjunctions & Interjections . In grammar, the parts of speech, also called lexical categories, grammatical categories or word classes is a linguistic category of words. Verbs as Part of Speech Verbs as part of speech are used to signify the actions, processes, conditions, or states of being of people or things. It is basically a word that characteristically is the grammatical center of a predicate and expresses an act, occurrence, or mode of being, that i
Read more