Farm Bill 2020

"क्या है फार्म बिल-2020 ?"

हमारे देश की लगभग 45 प्रतिशत अर्थव्यवस्था कृषि पर निर्भर है। एनडीए सरकार द्वारा लाये गए तीन कृषि बिलों को सरल भाषा में समझते हैं।

क्या नाम है तीनों बिलों का?

1. कृषक उपज व्यापार एवं वाणिज्य (संवर्धन एवं सरलीकरण बिल)।

2. कृषक (सशक्तिकरण एवं संरक्षण) कीमत आश्वासन एवं कृषि सेवा पर करार बिल।

3. आवश्यक वस्तु (संशोधन) बिल।

सरल भाषा में इन तीनों को 'फार्म बिल-2020' भी कहा जाता है। ये अभी विधेयक बनने बाकी है।

आइये बात करते है पहले बिल की-

1. कृषक उपज व्यापार एवं वाणिज्य (संवर्धन एवं सरलीकरण बिल)।

बिल किसानों को देशभर में कहीं भी फसल बेचने के लिए स्वतन्त्रता देता है। किसान इस बात के लिए भी स्वतन्त्र है कि वे अपनी फसल मंडियों में (जो संख्या में करीब 7000 है) आढ़तियों को बेचने के बजाय सीधा उत्पाद फर्मों एवं अन्य को बेचे।

2. कृषक (सशक्तिकरण एवं संरक्षण) कीमत आश्वासन एवं कृषि सेवा पर करार बिल।

यह बिल किसानों को सीधे स्वतंत्रता देता है कि किसान बड़े उत्पादकों के साथ फसल की कीमत पहले से ही 'कॉन्ट्रैक्ट' कर तय कर सकते है कि वे उनको फसल पक जाने पर किस दाम पर बेचेंगे। सीधा मतलब यह कि बिचौलियों या आढतियों की जरूरत ही नहीं।

3. आवश्यक वस्तु (संशोधन) बिल।

यह बिल यह सुनिश्चित करता है कि बड़े उत्पादक किसानों से उत्पाद बड़ी मात्रा में खरीद कर संग्रहण कर सकते हैं।

न्यूनतम समर्थन मूल्य (MSP) का झगड़ा क्या है?

भारत में Commission for Agriculture Cost & Price (CACP) आयोग गठित है जो यह सुनिश्चित करता है कि कैसी भी परिस्थिति हो किसान को उसकी फसल की कम से कम एक निर्धारित कीमत तो मिलेगी ही। हकीकत यह है कि आयोग की सिफारिश पर MSP सरकारें ही तय करती है वो भी नैतिकता के नाते; इसके लिए कोई विधेयक नहीं बना है।

अभी कितनी फसलों पर न्यूनतम समर्थन मूल्य सामान्य तौर पर मिलता है?

अभी 23 कृषि उत्पादों पर किसानों को न्यूनतम समर्थन मूल्य मिलता है जो निम्नानुसार है।

● गेहूँ आदि 7 अनाजों पर
● चना आदि 5 दालों पर
● मूंगफली आदि 7 तिलहनों पर
● कपास आदि 4 व्यावसायिक फसलों पर

केवल गन्ना एक ऐसी फसल है जो थोड़ा मजबूती से न्यूनतम समर्थन मूल्य के मामले में कानूनन संरक्षित है।

बिल के पक्ष विपक्ष में बहुत कुछ कहा जा सकता है लेकिन मुझे व्यक्तिगत रूप से लगता है कि इतना बड़ा बिल लाने से पहले किसानों की धरातलीय स्थिति का बहुत सूक्ष्म सर्वे किया जाना चाहिए था।

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