What is a Satellite

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ore we look into the list of Indian Satellites, let’s quickly learn few trivia about Satellites.

#1. What is a Satellite?

Anything that orbits something else like the moon orbits the earth, is known as a satellite. They are used for diverse purposes such as weather forecasting, television broadcast, radio communications, internet communications, GPS, etc.
Generally, there are two types of satellites
  • Natural (Moon orbiting the Earth)
  • Artificial (International Space Station orbiting the Earth)
There are many natural and artificial satellites, out there in space, performing their functions and making our lives back on earth easy in some or the other way. The artificial satellites as the name suggests are man made satellites from different countries.
Let us look at the year – wise list of Indian Satellites with their purposes and also learn about the organisation responsible for the Indian Space programmes.

#2. List of Indian Satellites

India has launched 84 satellites of various types since its first in 1975. The organisation responsible for Indian satellites is the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO). Run through the list of Indian satellites, listed year-wise along with their purposes.
Indian SatellitesLaunched DatePurpose
Aryabhata19th
April
1975		– India’s first satellite.
– It was build to gain experience in building
and operating a satellite in space.
Bhaskar7th
June
1979		– First experimental remote sensing satellite.
– Carried TV and microwave cameras.
Rohini
Technology
Payload		10th
August
1979		Intended for measuring in-flight performance of
first experimental flight of SLV-3,
the first Indian launch vehicle.
Rohini
RS-1		18th
July
1980		India’s first indigenous satellite launch.
Rohini
RS-D1		31st
May
1981		Conducts remote sensing technology studies
using a landmark sensor payload.
Ariane
Passenger
Payload
Experiment		19th
June
1981		First experimental communication satellite.
Bhaskara –
II		20th
November
1981		Second experimental remote sensing satellite.
INSAT-
1A		10th
April
1982		First operational multi purpose
communication and meteorology satellite.
Rohini
RS-D2		17th
April
1983		 Identical to RS-D1
INSAT-1B30th
August
1983		 Earth observation satellite.
Stretched
Rohini
Satellite
Series
(SROSS-1)		24th
March
1987		Carried payload for launch vehicleperformance monitoring
and for gamma ray astronomy.
IRS-1A17th
March
1988		First operational remote sensing satellite
Stretched
Rohini
Satellite
Series
(SROSS-2)		13th
July
1988		Carried remote sensing payload of German
space agency in addition toGamma Ray Astronomy payload.
INSAT-
1C		21st
July
1988		 Same as INSAT-1A.
INSAT-
1D		12th
June
1990		 Identical to INSAT-1A.
IRS-1B29th
August
1991		– Earth observation satellite.
– Improved version of IRS-1A
INSAT-
2DT		26th
February
1992		– It was a communications Satellite,
earlier called as Arabsat.
– After its retirement, it was placed
in the Graveyard orbit
Stretched
Rohini
Satellite
Series
(SROSS-C)		20th
May
1992		Carried gamma ray astronomy
and astronomy payload.
INSAT-
2A		10th
July
1992		First satellite in the second-generation
Indian-built INSAT-2 series.
INSAT-
2B		23th
July
1993		Second satellite in INSAT-2 series.
IRS-1E20th
September
1993		Earth observation satellite
Stretched
Rohini
Satellite
Series
(SROSS-C2)		4th
May
1994		 Identical to SROSS-C.
IRS-P215th
October
1994		Earth observation satellite
INSAT-
2C		7th
December
1995		Has an additional capability such
as mobile satellite service, business
communication and television outreach
beyond Indian boundaries.
IRS-1C29th
December
1995		Earth observation satellite
IRS-P321st
March
1996		Carries remote sensing payload and an
X-ray astronomy payload.
INSAT-
2D		4th
June
1997		 Same as INSAT-2C.
IRS-1D29th
September
1997		 Earth observation satellite.
INSAT-
2E		3rd
April
1999		Multipurpose communication and
meteorological satellite.
Oceansat-1
(IRS-P4)		26th
May-
1999		– Carries an Ocean Color Monitor (OCM)
and a Multi frequency
Scanning Microwave Radiometer (MSMR).- Earth observation satellite.
INSAT-3B22nd
March
2000		Multipurpose communication: business
communication, developmental communication,
and mobile communication.
GSAT-118th
April
2001		Experimental satellite for the first developmental
flight of Geosynchronous Satellite.
Technology
Experiment
Satellite
(TES)		22nd
October
2001		Experimental satellite to test
technologies such as attitude  and orbit
control system, high-torque reaction wheels,
new reaction control system, etc.
INSAT-3C24th
January
2002		Designed to augment the existing
INSAT capacity for communication
and broadcasting and provide
continuity of the services of INSAT-2C.
Kalpana-1
(METSAT)		12th
September
2002		First meteorological satellite built by ISRO.
Originally named METSAT.
Renamed after Kalpana Chawla.
INSAT-3A10th
April
2003		Multipurpose satellite for communication,
broadcasting, and meteorological services along
with INSAT-2E and Kalpana-1.
GSAT-210th
April
2003		Experimental satellite for the second
developmental test flight
of Geosynchronous Satellite.
INSAT-3E28th
September
2003		Communication satellite to augment
the existing INSAT System.
RESOURCE
SAT-1
(IRS-P6)		17th
October
2003		– Earth observation/remote sensing satellite.
– Intended to supplement and replace
IRS-1C and IRS-1D.
EDUSAT20th
October
2004		India’s first exclusive educational satellite.
HAMSAT5th
May
2005		Micro satellite for providing satellite-based
amateur radio services to the national as well as
the international community.
CARTOSAT-122th
December
2005		Provides stereographic in-orbit images
with a 2.5-meter resolution.
INSAT-4A10th
July
2006		Advanced satellite for direct-to-home
television broadcasting services.
INSAT-4C10th
January
2007		Geosynchronous communications satellite.
CARTOSAT-210th
January
2007		Advanced remote sensing satellite
carrying a panchromatic camera capable
of providing scene-specific spot images.
Space
Capsule
Recovery
Experiment
(SRE-1)		10th
January
2007		Experimental satellite intended to demonstrate the
technology of an orbiting platform for performing
experiments in micro gravity conditions.
INSAT-4B12th
March
2007		Augments the INSAT capacity for direct-to-home (DTH)
television services and other communications.
INSAT-4CR2nd
September
2007		It carried 12 high-power Ku-band transponders designed
to provide direct-to-home (DTH) television services.
CARTOSAT-2A28th
April
2008		Earth observation/remote sensing satellite.
IMS-1 (Third
World
Satellite
– TWsat)		28th
April
2008		Low-cost micro satellite imaging mission.
Chandrayaan
-1		22nd
October
2008		Carries 11 scientific instruments built in India, USA,
UK, Germany, Sweden and Bulgaria.
RISAT-220th
April
2009		Radar imaging satellite used to monitor
India’s borders and as part of anti-infiltration
and anti-terrorist operations.
ANUSAT20th
April
2009		– Carries an amateur radio and technology
demonstration experiments.
– Research micro satellite designed at Anna University.
Oceansat-
2(IRS-P4)		23th
September
2009		– Gathers data for oceanographic,
coastal and atmospheric applications.
– Continues mission of Oceansat-1.
GSAT-415th
April
2010		Communications satellite technology demonstrator.
CARTOSAT-
2B		12th
July
2010		Earth observation/remote sensing satellite.
StudSat12th
July
2010		– First Indian pico-satellite (weighing less than 1 kg).
– Developed by a team from seven engineering
colleges from Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh.
GSAT-5P /
INSAT-
4D		25th
December
2010		C-band communication satellite.
RESOUR
CESAT-
2		20th
April
2011		ISRO’s eighteenth remote-sensing satellite
Youthsat20th
April
2011		Indo-Russian stellar and atmospheric satellite
with the participation of university students.
GSAT-8 /
INSAT-
4G		21st
May
2011		Communications satellite carries
24 Ku-band transponders
and 2 channel GAGAN payloads
operating in L1 and L5 band.
GSAT-1215th
July
2011		Extended C-band transponders to meet the country’s
growing demand for transponders in
a short turn-around-time.
Megha-
Tropiques		12th
October
2011		Developed by India and France to track the weather.
Jugnu12th
October
2011		Nano-satellite weighing 3 kg developed by IIT Kanpur.
RISAT-126th
April
2012		First indigenous all-weather Radar Imaging Satellite
(RISAT-1), whose images will facilitate agriculture
and disaster management.
SRMSAT26th
April
2012		Nano-satellite developed by SRM University.
GSAT-
10		26th
April
2012		India’s advanced communication
satellite is a high power  satellite being
inducted into the INSAT system.
SARAL25th
February
2013		The Satellite with ARGOS and
ALTIKA (SARAL) is a joint
Indo-French satellite mission
for oceanographic studies.
IRNSS-
1A		1st
July
2013		 It is one of the seven spacecraft constituting
the IRNSS space segment.
INSAT-
3D		26th
July
2013		Meteorological Satellite with advanced
weather monitoring payloads.
GSAT-730th
August
2013		Advanced multi-band communication
satellite dedicated for military use.
Mars
Orbiter
Mission
(MOM)		5th
November
2013		Also known as Mangalyaan
is India’s first Mars orbiter.
GSAT-
14		5th
January
2014		Twenty-third geostationary communication
satellite of India to augment
the In-orbit capacity of Extended C
and Ku-band transponders.
IRNSS-
1B		4th
April
2014		Second satellite of the IRNSS.
IRNSS-
1C		16th
October
2014		Third satellite of the IRNSS.
GSAT-
16		7th
December
2014		Twenty-fourth communication satellite of India
configured to carry a total of 48 communication transponders.
IRNSS-
1D		28th
March
2015		Fourth satellite of the IRNSS
GSAT-627th
August
2015		Communication satellite.
Astrosat28th
September
2015		India’s first dedicated multi wavelength space Observatory.
GSAT-1511th
November
2015		Communications satellite carries communication
transponders in Ku-band and a GPS Aided GEO
Augmented Navigation (GAGAN) payload
operating in L1 and L5 bands.
IRNSS-
1E		20th
January
2016		Fifth satellite of the IRNSS.
IRNSS-
1F		10th
March
2016		Sixth satellite of the IRNSS.
IRNSS-
1G		28th
April
2016		Seventh and final satellite of the IRNSS.
Cartosat-
2C		22nd
June
2016		Earth observation/remote sensing satellite.

#3. Indian Satellites – Important Facts

  • ISRO was formed on the Independence Day, 1969 by Dr. Vikram Sarabhai.
  • SLV-3 was India’s first indigenous satellite launch vehicle. The director of this project was APJ Abdul Kalam.
  • India is the only country to have reached Mars in the first attempt.
  • The satellite Aryabhata got its name by Indira Gandhi and was launched by the Soviet Union.
  • India has set a national record by successfully launching a rocket carrying 20 satellites, including 13 from the US, last year in June.
  • The government has announced to give the space agency a 23 per cent increase in the budget.

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